Clinical pharmacology The medical field of medication effects on humans
Neuropharmacology Effects of medication on nervous system functioning.
Psychopharmacology Effects of medication on brain to observe changed behavior of the body and read the effect of drug on brain.
Pharmacogenetics Clinical testing of genetic variation that gives rise to differing response to drugs.
Pharmacogenomics Application of genomic technologies to new drug discovery and further characterization of older drugs.
Pharmacoepidemiology Study of effects of drugs in large numbers of people
Toxicology Study of harmful or toxic effects of drugs
Theoretical Pharmacology Study of metrics in Pharmacology
Posology How medicines are dosed It also depends upon various factors like age climate weight *** etc
Pharmacognosy A branch of pharmacology dealing especially with the composition use and development of medicinal substances of biological origin and especially medicinal substances obtained from plants also known as deriving medicines from plants
Behavioral Pharmacology Is the study of the effects of drugs on behavior. It includes preclinical and in vivo research such as small animal and rodent testing used to evaluate behavioral responses to novel drug treatment.
Environmental Pharmacology Study of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment
Pharmacology is the study of drug action. More specifically it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and exogenous chemicals that alter normal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties interactions toxicology therapy and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy which is the name used for a profession though in common usage the two terms are confused at times. Pharmacology deals with how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function. It is the study of drugs of the bodys reaction to drugs the sources of drugs their nature and their properties. In contrast pharmacy is a medical science concerned with the safe and effective use of medicines.
The study of chemicals requires intimate knowledge of the biological system affected. With the knowledge of cell biology and biochemistry increasing the field of pharmacology has also changed substantially. It has become possible through molecular analysis of receptors to design chemicals that act on specific cellular signaling or metabolic pathways by affecting sites directly on cellsurface receptors which modulate and mediate cellular signaling pathways controlling cellular function.
A chemical has from the pharmacological pointofview various properties. Pharmacokinetics describes the effect of the body on the chemical e.g. halflife and volume of distribution and pharmacodynamics describes the chemicals effect on the body desired or toxic.
by divya.c » Sun Jul 11, 2010 10:18 pm 
